The Parthenon

The Parthenon

Athens, Greece

The Parthenon, then — the big one on the flat top of the rock. Find the middle of it, because the columns are doing perfectly well and it isn't them you want. It's the gap behind them.

The Parthenon, then — the big one on the flat top of the rock. Find the middle of it, because the columns are doing perfectly well and it isn't them you want. It's the gap behind them.

The wind up here is constant, and the ground isn't soil, it's rock. You can feel the heat coming back up through your shoes. And there's a fine pale grit over everything, which is marble dust, because this hill has been a building site on and off for two and a half thousand years.

And there's a hole in the Parthenon. The colonnades stand, the ends stand, and the great room that used to sit inside them is gone. That absence is the single most important thing about this building, and it happened on one afternoon in sixteen eighty-seven.

Start with what it actually was, because it wasn't a cathedral. Athenians did not go inside to worship — the altar was out here, in the open, and the building behind it was a strongroom with a statue in it. The statue was Athena, about twelve metres tall, wood plated in

ivory and gold. That's something over a tonne of gold, a meaningful fraction of the wealth of the city. And Phidias, the sculptor running the whole project, had it made in removable plates so it could be taken off and weighed. He built the audit into the artwork, and they prosecuted him anyway.

Then the building started changing jobs.

Around the sixth century it became a Christian church, dedica

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Quick Facts

  • The Parthenon was not a place of worship inside — the altar was outdoors, and the building was effectively a strongroom holding a 12-metre statue of Athena in ivory and gold.
  • Phidias had the statue's gold made in removable plates so it could be taken off and weighed; he was prosecuted anyway.
  • It was a Christian church for roughly 900 years — longer than it was ever a temple — and then a mosque with a minaret at the south-west corner.
  • In September 1687 the Ottoman garrison stored gunpowder in the Parthenon and sheltered civilians alongside it, betting that no European army would shell the best-known building of the ancient world.
  • A deserter told the Venetians exactly what was stored there and where; they shelled it for six days, and on 26 September a mortar round found the powder, killing around 300 people and destroying the cella, the roof and both long colonnades.
  • Morosini's own account calls the shot fortunate. His attempt to lower the west pediment's Athena-and-horses group to ship to Venice dropped and smashed it, and the Ottomans had Athens back within about eighteen months.
  • Lime kilns operated on the Acropolis afterwards, burning classical sculpture into mortar for houses down the hill.
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Athens, Greece
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